ISO/ASTM TR 52958:2026

Additive manufacturing of metals — Powder bed fusion (PBF) — In-situ coaxial photodiode monitoring for lack of fusion flaw detection in PBF-LB ISO/ASTM TR 52958:2026

Publication date:   May 22, 2026

Scope

This document provides a workflow comprising experimental procedures and flaw detection algorithms aimed at locating flaws in parts produced during the powder bed fusion-laser-based (PBF-LB) process of metals. It emphasizes the use of coaxial photodiode-based in-situ monitoring and statistical and clustering machine learning algorithms, particularly for detecting lack of fusion-induced flaws. The workflow delineates setting thresholds for statistical detection and determining the number of clusters for machine learning algorithms, utilizing intentional seeded flaws in parts. Validation procedures are provided through computed tomography scanner data. Hardware limitations and considerations for multi-laser processes are addressed, with attention to potential issues.