FprCEN/TS 18391

Road vehicles - Electrically propelled vehicles - Swappable battery system applied to L-category vehicles

Publication date:   Sep 3, 2026

Scope

This document describes main technical specifications to be considered for ensuring interoperability and compatibility of swappable battery systems for small batteries, at battery-system level, vehicle level and charging-station level.
NOTE For specifications at battery system level and charging station level, see also EN IEC 62840 1, IEC 62840 3 and EN 50604 1.
The document is applicable to L-category vehicles, although some vehicles included in that category might not fit in terms of power or energy rating.
This document focuses on the following aspects that are crucial towards interoperability and compatibility:
— electrical specifications;
— mechanical specifications;
— connector specifications;
— BMS and communication protocols;
— safety and security specifications (including cybersecurity).
The document specifies requirements for the following:
— applications with the following numbers and configuration of battery systems;
— single (1S1P);
— maximum 2 in series – 1 in parallel (2S1P);
— maximum 1 in series – 6 in parallel (1S6P);
— maximum 2 in series – 2 in parallel (2S2P).
— battery-vehicle interface;
— battery-charging station interface;
— charging station.
Interoperability among charging station and operators is not covered in this document.

Related legislation

Legislation related to this standard